Xi Jinping has tightened grip on military

New York: Chinese President Xi Jinping has greater control of the military than his predecessor did, and that increases the need for a strong White House relationship with him, former US defence secretary Robert Gates said.

Mr Gates, 70, said in an interview today that former president President Hu Jintao "did not have strong control" of the People's Liberation Army. The "best example," Mr Gates said, was China's rollout of its stealthy J-20 fighter jet during a visit he made in January 2010. The event seemed to catch Mr Hu unaware, Mr Gates said, recounting a story in his memoir Duty.

China posed few crises for Mr Gates during his four and a half years as defence secretary. Tensions have grown since the Obama administration announced plans to step up military and political engagement in the Pacific -- a strategy announced after Gates left office -- and China stepped up its territorial claims off its coast.

President Xi's stronger control is "both a good-news and a bad-news story," Mr Gates said. "Before, when the Chinese did something aggressive or risky, you could say 'that's the PLA acting on their own.'"

"Now when they do something like declare" a new air defence identification zone in the East China Sea in November, "you've got to assume President Xi approved that and is on board" and not that "this is just the PLA misbehaving or strutting its stuff," he said in the interview in New York.

Mr Gates said China's declaration was a "real provocation in the current environment" and "meant to send a signal."

Mr Xi's control of the PLA means his relationship with President Barack Obama "matters a great deal, and managing this relationship is going to be a big challenge for both countries."

Mr Gates wrote in his book that years of on-again, off-again diplomatic meetings and military-to-military contacts "cannot mask the reality" that China continues to invest a growing portion of its budget on new military hardware "designed to keep US air and naval assets well east of the South China Sea and Taiwan."

Last month, a US Navy guided-missile cruiser had a confrontation with a Chinese military ship in the South China Sea, underscoring the rising tensions in the region over China's new air defence zone. Defence Secretary Chuck Hagel called China's behaviour "irresponsible."

The US Pacific presence is being countered by a growing Chinese navy that "while far inferior" to the US globally, "could be a serious problem for us in Northeast and Southeast Asia" as it develops "highly accurate cruise and ballistic missile, diesel and nuclear submarines and stealthy fighters," Gates wrote.

"Beijing learned from the Soviet experience, I believe, and has no intention of matching us ship-for-ship, tank-for- tank," and "thereby draining China financially in a no-holds barred arms race," he wrote.

Instead, "they are investing selectively in capabilities that target our vulnerabilities, not our strengths," Mr Gates wrote.